Nowy koronawirus – SARS CoV-2
Novel coronavirus – SARS CoV-2
Numer specjalny – SARS CoV-2, Pol J Public Health 2019;129(4):113-117
Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
Zakład Wirusologii z Laboratorium SARS, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Polska
10.2478/pjph-2019-0026
© 2020 Medical University of Lublin. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonComercial-No Derivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/)
Abstract
Coronaviruses cause a variety of diseases in mammals and birds. In late December, 2019, patients presenting with viral pneumonia due to an unidentified microbial agent were reported in Wuhan, China. A novel coronavirus was subsequently identified as the causative pathogen, provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). This virus appears to be a new human pathogen. In this article the biology of virus has been described, replication cycle and epidemiology of COVID 19. The next part discusses current methods of laboratory diagnostics. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has focused attention on the need to develop effective therapies against the causative agent, SARS-CoV-2. Researchers are therefore focusing on steps in the CoV replication cycle that may be target to inhibition by broad-spectrum or specific antiviral agents. Many laboratories focus on vaccine development. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will be essential to reduce morbidity and mortality if the virus establishes itself in the human population. Novel coronavirus – SARS CoV-2
Keywords: coronaviruses, SARS CoV-2, epidemiology, therapy, vaccine.
Streszczenie
Koronawirusy wywołują zakażenia u ssaków i ptaków. W grudniu 2019 r zarejestrowano w Chinach przypadki zapalenia płuc wywołane przez nieznany wcześniej czynnik. Nowy patogen nazwano SARS CoV-2, zaś chorobę COVID-19. W artykule przedstawiono aktualne dane na temat nowego koronawirusa wywołującego pandemię w roku 2020. Omówiona została klasyfikacja wirusów należących do rodziny Coronaviridae, ich budowa oraz cykl replikacyjny. W dalszej części pracy opisano epidemiologię zakażenia, tj. źródło zakażenia, drogi szerzenia się zakażeń oraz objawy kliniczne. Kolejny podrozdział omawia najważniejsze aspekty laboratoryjnej diagnostyki zakażenia SARS CoV-2. Natomiast w ostatnim podrozdziale przedstawiono aktualny stan badań nad lekami stosowanymi w leczeniu choroby COVID-19 oraz próby opracowania skutecznej szczepionki profilaktycznej. Szczepionka w znaczący sposób wpłynie na zmniejszenie zapadalności i śmiertelności, gdyby wirus nadal krążył w populacji ludzkiej.
Słowa kluczowe: koronawirusy, SARS CoV-2, epidemiologia, leczenie, szczepionka.
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